barefoot

A recurring physiological pattern has been observed with Long COVID-Chronic Fatigue-Vaccine Injury cases which points to the mitochondria as the root of the issue.  Once identified it is possible to reverse the dysfunction¹⁴.

First, we can look at the physiology of a healthy person during a graded exercise test using a research grade metabolic cart (Vacumed).  The graph below shows a subject (male) with very good metabolic flexibility² ie. very good at using fat for fuel and very good at using carbohydrate for fuel.  Fat metabolism dominates at lower levels of exertion until lactate threshold gets closer when carbohydrate starts to dominate.  The graph represents this by the gap between the green line (O₂) and blue line (CO₂).  More CO₂ is produced with carbohydrate metabolism which brings those two lines closer together at higher workloads.  Optimal is to still be using 60% fat fuel at lactate threshold¹.  This subject was using 63% fat fuel at this point.  This all happens within the mitochondria and therefore reflects the health of the mitochondria.  

The four graphs below show a significantly different pattern ie. a dominant sugar burning pattern, a very low lactate threshold and a very low VO₂max score which makes it very difficult to do activities of daily living.

• Case A, is a 37 year old female with COVID vaccine injury/chronic fatigue symptoms who was on ACC for a COVID vaccine injury claim.  Her VO₂max (23.04ml/kg/min) came out at the 1^st percentile for age and gender.
• Case B, is a 60 year old female with Long COVID/Chronic Fatigue.  Her VO₂max (22.97ml/kg/min) came out at the 5^th percentile for age and gender.
• Case C, is a 33 year old female with a Vaccine Injury/Chronic Fatigue.  Her VO₂max (25.85ml/kg/min) came out at the 5^th percentile for age and gender.
• Case D, is a 45 year old female with a Vaccine Injury/Chronic Fatigue.  Her VO₂max (30.02ml/kg/min) came out at the 25^th percentile for age and gender.

As mentioned, in all cases, the lactate threshold is at a very low workload.  This means it only takes a low level of work to go above this threshold at which time the production of lactate increases, and this then further inhibits the mitochondria³ because they are having trouble using oxygen efficiently¹⁴.  This makes exercise a very poor solution initially.  

The findings above give us a significant clue that mitochondria are at the root of energy issues. This is also supported by what researchers have already uncovered regarding the link between the virus and mitochondrial damage^14,15. 

An extra piece of the puzzle that needs to be included is the work by Dr Robert Naviaux⁷.  He has brought light on the dual function of the mitochondria.  They not only have an energy production role (ATP) but also have a signalling role.  If the environment in the body is not safe, the mitochondria will turn on the cell danger response and dial down energy production for survival.  If the environment remains unsafe, the cell danger response will remain switched on.  It is probable that this switch has remained on in all cases mentioned above.  

The good news is that there is a way to switch off the cell danger response and return the mitochondria to healthy function again.  Work by Dr Sarah Myhill³ and Ari Whitten⁶ has shown great success when a much more comprehensive approach is taken.  In brief it can look like this as a step-by-step process.   

• Start with the gut (assume² or measure for leaky gut² / dysbiosis and repair; measure Vitamin D and optimise; measure insulin resistance and optimise – consider Inositol; measure for inflammation and optimise – consider the Galectin-3¹² blocker PectaSol⁹; consider intermittent fasting and Augmented NAC^10,11 to remove 99.8% of spike proteins¹¹; consider Quercetin to calm down Mast Cell Activation; consider nose breathing to calm the nervous system; consider Arterosil, Nattokinase, Serrapetase, or Lumbarkinase to address microclotting; measure additional energy related markers eg. B12/Folate, RBC Magnesium, Iron Panel, Complete Blood Count…and optimise; plus optimise all detox pathways – consider Tudka, Ox Bile, Milk Thistle) and circadian rhythm. Also provide support for oxidative stress in the mitochondria at this point, with melatonin (available in pistachio nuts as well), Augmented NAC mentioned above and Alpha-Lipoic Acid to have additional benefits on nerve cells. 
• Hormesis to create more mitochondria (not exercise at first eg. red light therapy, infrared sauna, hypoxic breathing, PEMFT) 
• Give the mitochondria the fuel and nutrients they prefer (eg. ketones, CoQ10, PQQ, L-carnitine, Urolithin A, Energenesis, creatine, B vitamins, magnesium, NMN)
• Support the thyroid for optimal function (include a full thyroid panel blood test ie. TSH, Free T4, Free T3, TPO antibodies, consider supplementing with T2 thyroid supplement)
• Support the adrenals for optimal function (include a DHEA-S blood test and morning cortisol)

If you happen to take a Statin or a Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI), you are slowing down energy production².  Statins not only reduce cholesterol, they also down regulate the Geranylgeraniol or GG pathway that includes the production of CoQ10, an essential co-enzyme needed for ATP (energy) production.  The PPI’s (eg. Omeprazole) not only affect the proton pumps in your stomach, they also affect them in your mitochondria.  The net result is less energy.  These PPI’s can also cross the blood brain barrier and poison your mitochondria.  They can influence brain fog, cognitive slowdown, and dementia.  This is worth a conversation with your doctor if you are on these drugs.

If you have got to this point you may have some level of enthusiasm for the step-by-step process if you are suffering.  If that is you, please go for it.  However, you may be someone who feels you do not have the energy for such a process as nothing has worked for you up to this point and you are wondering if there is a faster way.  If you are this person, this part is for you.  It is about the research on Nicotine, put together by Dr Bryan Ardis D.C¹³.  It all goes back to April 2020 when French Researchers identified the spike proteins of the COVID virus were identical to two snake venom proteins that are neurotoxins.  They were able to show that these proteins target the nicotine receptors which are throughout the body.  You can read the paper at this link… https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/biologies/item/CRBIOL_2020__343_1_33_0/ . This was confirmed by a NIH funded and published study in May 2023.  You can read the paper here…. https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(23)01735-0/fulltext .  This led to research on long COVID patients using 7mg nicotine patches.  Improvements ranged from immediate to complete remission in just 6 days.  You can read the paper here…. https://bioelecmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42234-023-00104-7 .  Should you decide that you want to give this a go, here are two protocols to choose from:

• Purchase and wear one 7mg Nicotine Patch daily for 1 week minimum and then continue until symptoms abate.
• Purchase 2mg Nicotine Gum and chew one 2 mg gum tablet for 10 minutes, 4 times per day for 2 weeks until symptoms resolve and then continue until symptoms abate.  If you have any reactions to this option, change to the nicotine patch option. 

If you would like to look at more research on this evolving topic, there are now 660 published papers on COVID and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. You can find them here….. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=COVID+and+mitochondrial+dysfunction

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References 

1. Shallenberger, Frank (2007).  Bursting with Energy. 
2. Gundry, Steven (2021).  The Energy Paradox 
3. Myhill, Sarah (2024).  Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Myalgic Encephalitis. 
4. Whitten, Ari (2018).  The Ultimate Guide to Red Light Therapy. 
5. Pawluk, William MD (2021). Supercharge Your Health with PEMF Therapy 
6. Whitten, Ari (2023). https://theenergyblueprint.com/  
7. Naviaux, Robert K (2014).  Metabolic features of the cell danger response. Mitochondrion . May:16:7-17
8. Girardot, Marc (2024).  The Needle’s Secret.  Unraveling the Mystery of Vaccine Harm.
9. https://econugenics.com/pages/pectasol-mcp-shop?utm_source=sponsorship&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=lcvdgordonforum#s-0e5e2926-508d-4c7f-9571-98199580ae23
10. https://return2health.nz/brands/augmented-nac?srsltid=AfmBOopihMHrntkoN_l0BZlSgc7-4TJhgmAF6F_cjWGaMZxhlLHyfAMV
11. https://zerospike.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/ZEROSPIKE-PROJECT-BROCHURE.pdf
12. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7536583/
13. https://thedrardisshow.com/free-resources
14. Groysman, Robert MD (2025). The Complete Long COVID Handbook, Mitochondrial Dysfunction Volume 3.
15. https://www.drgalland.com/longcovid

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Brendan Roach M.Sc, B.Ph.Ed, CHEK II, ISAK III, FNC
Exercise Physiologist/Director
info@bodylab.co.nz 

We often put the monitoring of our own health in the hands of others.  I am going to show you how you can monitor your own risk and avoid becoming another statistic in the world of cardiovascular disease and stroke.  

According to the latest statistics from the World Health Organisation…. “The world’s biggest killer is ischaemic heart disease, responsible for 16% of the world’s total deaths. Since 2000, the largest increase in deaths has been for this disease, rising by more than 2 million to 8.9 million deaths in 2019. Stroke ……. is the 2nd leading cause of death, responsible for approximately 11% of total deaths”¹.  Maybe it is time to do something different as the first symptom in 50 percent of heart attacks is also the last (ie. sudden death)⁹.  

The knowledge on risk factors related to these diseases has evolved over time.  Like you, I was brought up on the focus that cholesterol was the big villain behind these diseases.  Science has known for some time that it is not that simple.  What you do want to avoid at all costs is the build up of plaque in your arteries as this puts you at risk of heart attack and stroke.  Cholesterol or more specifically, oxidised cholesterol, can be partly to blame for this but it is no longer the headline of this story^10,11.  Metabolic Syndrome takes centre stage as the number one cause of cardiovascular disease².  This is the umbrella term that includes blood pressure, waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, blood sugar balance and inflammation.  If you have at least 3 of these variables outside the optimal range, you have metabolic syndrome.  “The bad news is that metabolic syndrome can kill you before you ever develop diabetes^2,3”.    

Do you have metabolic syndrome^2,3?

Variable	Optimal
Blood Pressure	<130/85mmHg (without medication)
Triglycerides	<1.69 mmol/L
HDL Cholesterol	>1.03 mmol/L (men), >1.29 mmol/L (women)
Waistline (am before eating, just above belly button)	<101.6cm (men), <89cm (women)
Fasting Blood Sugar (recommend adding insulin to this)	<5.6 mmol/mol
Inflammation (hsCRP)	<1.0 mg/L

Inflammation is a newer addition to the metabolic syndrome table and needs an extra note.  If you were to look up the research database pubmed.gov and typed in “chronic inflammation and cardiovascular disease” you will find about 22,000 publications extending back some 20 years.  Researchers now know atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease that sets off your body’s immune response⁶.  Inflammation is one of the bodies protection tools but if it becomes chronic, any number of symptoms may present themselves including arthritis, asthma, Alzheimer’s and cardiovascular disease to name a few.  C-Reactive Protein (CRP), made in the liver, gives us a very good clue about how much inflammation is going on in our bodies.  Cardio or High Sensitivity CRP is a more precise indicator of cardiac risk.  Studies show this test as an accurate predictor of heart disease⁶.  It should be no higher than 1.0.  A score of 3.0 poses a high cardiac risk².   

Monitoring for metabolic syndrome gives you the power to get early warning signs before symptoms of plaque build-up in the arteries start to be expressed.  The cost to you can simply be the cost of a visit to your doctor requesting that these tests be completed.  Alternatively, you can take a blood form to your local blood lab and pay for the tests at the counter.  You would request lipids ($43.50), fasting glucose ($13.00), High Sensitivity CRP ($29.00) and pay the blood draw fee ($14.30), a total of $99.80 (costs may vary slightly per lab).  BodyLab can give you a free blood form for this.

Extra advanced tests can be added if you want to explore more.  The following are the ones that specifically relate to the risk of cardiovascular disease.    

GGT

GGT (Gamma Glutamyl Transferase) is a liver enzyme located on the external surface of cell membranes.  Increased GGT activity is a marker of inadequate antioxidant activity and increased oxidative stress.  It reflects insulin resistance, liver inflammation and risk of future diabetes.  There is strong evidence⁵ supporting the association of elevated GGT with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.  In fact, overseas life insurance experts use GGT as a high predictor of mortality⁴.  High GGT indicates your body is not coping with some sort of insult it is receiving.  This puts the spotlight on diet.  A diet that includes excessive carbohydrate (including fruit juices), and high consumption of omega 6 vegetable oils (including margarine) will stress the liver and elevate GGT.  High GGT is associated with 7-9 times the risk of developing coronary artery disease and 1.7 times the risk of cardiovascular death⁴.  It also gives a glimpse of type two diabetes in your future when high BMI is combined with high GGT.  This combination gives you 15 times the risk of future diabetes⁴.  Ideal GGT is <15 U/L and high is >30 U/L⁴.  (Cost $14.50)

Ferritin

This is the amount of iron you have stored in a protein called ferritin.  If your body is not getting enough from the food you eat it will use this stored iron.  Over 80 percent of your iron is contained in haemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of your body, along with other critical processes.  The protein ferritin stores the excess iron until it can’t.  The excess iron builds up and accelerates oxidative stress, damaging the walls of the arteries and causing major inflammation⁶.  This process also oxidises cholesterol which can cling to the artery walls, forming plaques that can block arteries and increase your risk of heart attack and stroke.  It is estimated that every 1 percent increase in ferritin will boost your risk of cardiovascular disease by 4 percent⁶.  The research by Dr Ivor Cummings reports that high serum ferritin is associated with 5 times the risk of developing incident atherosclerosis and 10 times the risk of carotid atherosclerosis⁷.  A Finnish study following 1900 men showed a ferritin level of 200 ug/L more than doubled relative risk for heart attack⁶.  Ideal ferritin is 50-70 ug/L for both men and women⁶.  (Cost $19.50)

Uric Acid

A missing piece in the cardiovascular disease puzzle is uric acid.  Most people will link this to gout, which is true, but it is also linked to cardiovascular disease.  A paper published by the American College of Rheumatology revealed that elevated uric acid is responsible for 39 percent of total cardiovascular disease⁸.  It often precedes insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, making it a useful marker to watch for⁸.   The big influencer here is fructose.  Yes, this is in fresh whole fruits but it sneaks its way into many of our food products including sauces, high fructose corn syrup, salad dressings, fruit juice and energy bars to name a few.  By the way, fructose also leads to the formation of triglycerides (think back to your metabolic syndrome markers).  Ideal uric acid is 0.33 mmol/L or below⁸.  (Cost $14.00) 

Homocysteine

It took a number of years for this amino acid to gain traction as a marker for blood vessel damage.  It is produced during the process of breaking down an amino acid (methionine) found in common foods like red meat, poultry, legumes, eggs, avocado and grains.  The process helps prevent oxidised cholesterol clogging your arteries and it also forms homocysteine.  Normally homocysteine is broken down into other chemicals and excreted.  However certain conditions (vitamin B deficiencies, smoking, some medications, kidney failure, low thyroid function) won’t allow this to happen and homocysteine levels rise, damaging blood vessel lining and allowing oxidised cholesterol to form plaques.  Here comes the light bulb moment.  It you combine high blood pressure with high homocysteine levels, you have twenty-five times the risk of having heart attack or stroke.  Ideal homocycsteine is 7 – 10 umol/L⁶.  (Cost $71.00)

Lipoprotein (a)

Heart health is not determined by cholesterol numbers alone.  For example, a US study showed 75 percent of people admitted for heart attack into hospital had normal cholesterol⁶.  The combination of oxidised cholesterol and damaged artery walls (from free radicals) is the bigger concern for plaque formation.  LDL cholesterol has typically been labelled as the bad cholesterol.  However, there is a harmless form of LDL cholesterol (LDL-A) with large fluffy particles, and these contribute to good health.  The harmful form of LDL cholesterol (LDL-B) is made up of small dense particles.  These particles do not contribute to good health.  These particles influence inflammation and plaque formation.  Low levels of physical activity, a diet high in refined carbohydrates, low in foods rich in antioxidants and low in healthy fats, all favour the small dense LDL particles.  The worst of the small dense LDL particles is called Lipoprotein (a).  These particles have a strong influence in plaque growth.  The bad news is that Lipoprotein (a) can’t really change with diet and lifestyle².  But you can reduce risk significantly by addressing all the other variables mentioned on this blog.  Ideal Lp(a) <200mg/L.  (Cost $21.50)  

ApoB : ApoA1 Ratio

LDL particles are wrapped in a unique protein (ApoB) and HDL particles (very important for cholesterol homeostasis) are also wrapped in a unique protein (ApoA1) which makes the ratio a very powerful risk indicator (x3 risk multipler⁷). This differs from just looking at LDL and HDL on your normal lipid panels which looks at the quantity of cholesterol contained within the particles. This ApoB : ApoA1 ratio looks at the actual number of particles themselves. People with insulin resistance tend to have fewer HDL particles and more LDL particles. The ratio reveals this and it trumps just looking at ApoB alone⁷. Ideal Ratio < 0.7 (Cost $25.00 ApoB & $25.00 ApoA1)

Fasting Insulin

You won’t want to skim over this one.  This is one of the big root causes of cardiovascular disease that started happening when fat was promoted as the villain back in the 70’s.  Filling the gap of a low fat diet meant a lot more carbohydrate was consumed which became more and more processed over time.  Overeating carbohydrates has a direct influence on raising insulin.  The flow on affect from constant higher insulin has become a root cause of obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and heart disease.  Consuming foods high in cholesterol does not increase blood cholesterol⁶.  The higher your insulin, the higher your triglycerides will be (think back to metabolic syndrome).  Higher insulin also promotes arterial stiffness and less nitric oxide (this promotes dilation of blood vessels for the flow of blood, oxygen and nutrients), which triggers oxidative stress and inflammation.  This test is not often done but if you want an earlier warning sign that type 2 diabetes is on the way, this is important to do.  Ideal insulin is <5 uU/mL¹⁴. (Cost $55.00)

Magnesium (Red Blood Cell)

Magnesium has been included on this list as it is a big player in the body.  It is known as a co-factor for more than 300 processes connected with the production of energy.  It is also important for our genes, reproduction, protein synthesis, muscular contraction, blood pressure, insulin metabolism, cardiac excitability, nerve transmission, blood vessel tone, and neuromuscular conduction.  Low magnesium may result in unwanted neuromuscular, cardiac or nervous disorders.  Research by Dr Steven Masley² has identified low magnesium as the number one mineral connected with the development of plaque in arteries.  Ideal magnesium (red blood cell test) is 2.14 – 2.67 mmol/L¹³.  (Cost $12.50)

Thyroid Function

I am adding thyroid testing as a missing piece of the cardiac/stroke risk assessment.  First, some basics on the thyroid gland located in your neck.  It produces thyroid hormones, which affect every organ system in your body.  These hormones are critical for the metabolism of foods we eat, the extraction of vitamins and the production of energy from food¹⁶.  They are also involved with the regulation of LDL clearance^17,18,19,20.  Your thyroid bloods will typically only get flagged if there is too much thyroid hormone or too little thyroid hormone.  The version that usually gets overlooked is Subclinical Hypothyroidism.  This means your thyroid is losing its ability to make enough thyroid hormone.  It will usually be seen by observing elevated TSH (the message from the Pituitary in the brain), normal Free T4 (storage thyroid hormone) and normal to slightly low Free T3 (active thyroid hormone).  Free T3 regulates LDL receptor expression to clear LDL particles from the bloodstream.  As Free T3 takes a downward trend it means fewer LDL receptors and a slowing of LDL clearance.  This increases your circulating LDL.  It also means that LDL particle number will increase, which increases ApoB.  The high numbers on your lipid panel will send alarm bells to your doctor, but it is the root cause that needs to be resolved.   

The flow chart below shows you how it is all connected. 

This thyroid panel focuses on optimal numbers¹⁶, not typical lab ranges.

Test Name	Optimal Reference Range
TSH ($23)	0.5 – 2.0 uIU/mL
Free T4 ($25)	15 – 23 pmol/L
Free T3 ($22)	5 – 7 pmol/L
TPO Antibodies ($39)	<2.0 IU/mL

ECG Exercise Tolerance Test

This is often called a stress test and is a good check if you want to see if there are any signs of current cardiovascular disease.  At BodyLab it is a graded exercise test with ECG, blood pressure and gas analysis monitoring.   The test can be done on a treadmill or bike and usually lasts for 8 – 12 minutes.  The workload is easy at first and then gradually becomes harder over the duration of the test.  The ECG can pick up signs of restricted blood flow to the heart and other ECG abnormalities.  Higher than normal blood pressure recordings can indicate arterial stiffness and the gas analysis (ie. mask on your face to measure the air you breath in an out) provides a very accurate assessment of your cardiovascular fitness.  Blood pressure relates to arterial health, and high cardiovascular fitness relates to lower risk of plaque development².  Your one-minute heart rate after stopping exercise is also checked as this is a very good prediction tool for future cardiovascular events in people with or without heart disease between the ages of 30-80².  It would be concerning if your heart rate dropped less than 20 beats at one minute.  More details can be found here.   

Coronary Artery Calcium Score

This test measures the quantity of atherosclerotic plaque lining the arteries of your heart.  It provides a guide of heart attack risk.  A calcium score is also a useful tracking tool as plaque can grow at the rate of 30-35 percent per year⁹, and it can also decrease with the right diet and lifestyle changes.  The higher your calcium score the more likely a severe blockage is present.  The chart below summaries how the scores are broken down⁹. The cost can vary from $600 – $850.

Once you have this number you are given a percentile rank based on age.  The higher your percentile rank, the higher your risk for plaque rupture and heart attack.     

There are few places in NZ that provide this service.  Here is the list. BodyLab can give you a free referral for some of these.

Ascot Radiology – Auckland 

TRG Imaging – Whangarei

Pacific Radiology – Wellington (and other main cities)

The Heart Group – Auckland

Auckland Radiology Group – Auckland

Cardiology Specialists – Christchurch

References

1. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death 
2. Masley, Steven (2021).  The 30-Day Heart Tune-Up: A Breakthrough Medical Plan to Prevent and Reverse Heart Disease.
3. Ovadia, Philip (2021).  Stay Off My Operating Table.
4. Cummings, Ivor (2019). https://thefatemperor.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/TRANSCRIPT-6-Fat-Emperor-on-Fatty-Liver-Enzyme-GGT-Dont-Die-from-Ignorance.pdf 
5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28149843/ 
6. Gittleman, Ann Louise (2021). Radical Longevity: The Powerful Plan to Sharpen your Brain, Strengthen your Body and Reverse the Symptoms of Aging.
7. Cummings, Ivor and Gerber, Jeffry MD (2018). Eat Rich, Live Long: Use the Power of Low-Carb and Keto for Weight Loss and Great Health.
8. Perlmutter, David (2022).  Drop Acid.  The Surprising New Science of Uric Acid.
9. Davis, William (2005).  What Does My Heart Scan Show?
10. Cummings, Ivor (2023) Podcast https://thefatemperor.com/ep127-a-statin-free-life-revealed-with-dr-aseem-malhotra/
11. Malhotra, Aseem (2021). A Statin-Free Life: A Revolutionary Life Plan for Tackling Heart Disease – without the use of Statins.
12. Bowden, Jonny and Sinatra, Setphen T (2020). The Great Cholesterol Myth, Revised and Expanded: Why Lowering Your Cholesterol Won’t Prevent Heart Disease and the Statin-Free Plan that Will.
13. Bredesen, Dale (2020). The End of Alzheimer’s: The First Program to Prevent and Reverse Cognitive Decline.
14. Winters, Nasha (2017). The Metabolic Approach to Cancer. Intergrating Deep Nutrition, the Ketogenic Diet, and Non-Toxic Bio-individualised Therapies.
15. Mangan, P.D (2016). Dumping Iron: How to Ditch This Secret Killer & Reclaim Your Health.
16. Wentz, Izabella (2015). Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis. Lifestyle Interventions for Finding and Treating the Root Cause.
17. Liu et al. (2014). Alteration of Lipid Profile in Subclinical Hypothyroidism: a meta-analysis.
18. Treister-Goltzman et al (2021). Lipid Profile in Mild Subclinical Hypothyroidism: systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed: Lipid profile in mild subclinical hypothyroidism: systematic review and meta-analysis – PubMed
19. Liu et al. (2023). Alteration of Lipid Profile Between Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Well-Matched Controls: A Meta-Analysis. PubMed: Alteration of Lipid Profile Between Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Well-Matched Controls: A Meta-Analysis – PubMed
20. Rizos et al (2011). Effects of Thyroid Dysfunction on Lipid Profile. PubMed: Effects of thyroid dysfunction on lipid profile – PubMed